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Dionigi di Borgo San Sepolcro - 01

St Augustine : Francisco Petrarch
Francisco Petrarch

During the birth of humanism, Dionigi di Borgo San Sepolcro O.S.A. (c. 1300 – 31st March 1342) was the priest who at one time taught Boccaccio at the beginning of his education in the humanities, and was the confessor of Petrarch. He later was Bishop of Monopoli in Apulia, Italy.

He was surnamed, not uncommonly for the 14th century, for the town in which he was born, now called Sansepolcro - a small town in the mountainous regions of Tuscany. His family surname was de' Roberti. (Dionigi is the Italian form of Dennis, which in Latin is Dionysius.)

He joined the Augustinian Order at Borgo San Sepolcro at an early age; this convent had been founded in 1281. He was sent to the Augustinian studium generale in Paris in order to study theology, and graduated as a bachelor in 1317-18, and a doctor of theology in 1324.

This was still an era when education was as yet totally based in the Scholastic tradition. The universities did not yet approach antiquity in such a way as to put Greco-Latin philosophy consciously at the service of Christian thought. Instead, in these birth years of humanism, they sought simply to increase the authority of the ancient writers.

Thereby they paving the way for future humanistic orientation. Likewise they sought to know classical literature through the original text, eschewing secondary sources or florilegia.

After he left the University of Paris, Dionigi travelled widely. In 1329 he went on an unspecified diplomatic mission for Cardinal Napoleone Orsini, in 1332 he was in Venice, in 1333 he spent much time in Avignon and taught at the studium (Augustinian house of study) that the Augustinian Order conducted there. The information available about his life shows the great esteem in which he was held within the order, at the Papal curia in Avignon, and later at the court in Naples.


St Augustine : Giovanni Boccaccio
Giovanni Boccaccio
Dionigi certainly met Francesco Petrarch (1304 – 1374) in Avignon, and there is another theory that these two scholars had already met previously in Paris. He was Petrarch's confessor in Avignon, and Petrarch wrote three letters to him. Much of what is known about Dionigi in his Avignon years is inferred from these letters.

It was Dionigi who introduced Petrarch to the works of Christian antiquity, and in particular to those of St Augustine. The desire of Petrarch to achieve a synthesis between classical antiquity and Christianity, taking as his guide the bishop of Hippo, was due largely to his Augustinian mentor.

Dionigi had recommended Augustine's Confessions to Petrarch, who had never previously read it; Dionigi gave him a pocket copy, which Petrarch says he carried around with him everywhere. Much later in life in life Petrarch acceded happily to a request of Luigi Marsigli O.S.A. (1342 – 1394, i.e.,  thirty-eight years Petrarch’s junior) for a copy of the Confessions of St Augustine.

Petrarch told Marsigli that the book being sent was not a loan as requested, but a gift. He added that in his youth he himself had received that very same pocket-sized book from Dionysius of Borgo San Sepolcro. He noted, "It shows the wear of years since it has always accompanied me on my journeys, but it gives me great satisfaction to see that this book, which originally came from an Augustinian house, now returns to another Augustinian house."

It had been suggested that Dionigi's influence on Petrarch in his moral crisis over Laura amounted to some form of spiritual conversion experience for Petrarch, but the more fundamental question of how much Laura’s portrayal in Petrarch’s writing was “real” and how much it was literary licence – or even total fiction - makes this suggestion even more tenuous.

In his Secretum, Petrarch addressed his long account of his ascent of Mont Ventoux to Dionigi. Dionigi was also instrumental in persuading King Robert of Naples to present Petrarch with his crown of laurel: Petrarch had invited Dionigi to visit Vaucluse on his way to Naples in 1338, in a verse letter filled with flattery of the King.

(Continued on the next page.)
ID2844
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