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Jacques Legrand - 01

St Augustine : Bishop and Augustinian pastor Parish of South Yarra Melbourne, Australia
Bishop and Augustinian pastor
Parish of South Yarra
Melbourne, Australia

A French Augustinian during the birth of humanism wrote a book that made his name known throughout the Christian world of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

The life of Jacques Legrand O.S.A. coincided with the years in which the humanistic current began to emerge among the cultured and aristocratic classes of France.

He was such an eloquent preacher that John of Montreuil, "the first French humanist", confessed that he was dazzled by Legrand while listening to him "for six hours" in a sermon on Good Friday.

Jacques Legrand was probably born in Toulouse between 1360 and 1370. He entered the Augustinian monastery there, and attended its studium generale (international house of studies).
 
He then completed his education at the reknowned Augustinian studium generale in Paris. The date that he obtained his magisterium (“doctorate”) there is uncertain.
 
It may have been as early as 1400, and was certainly before the year 1412.
 
French writers of his day praised his learning and his tireless reading of all materials he could obtain. He copied freely from previous collected quotations, and thus was not, strictly speaking, a humanist in the usual understanding of that term.
 
Whereas a humanist delightfully read the Classics as an end in itself, Legrand simply searched Classical quotations largely to elicit material that would be seen as morally uplifting in his own era.
 
His was a humanist with a moralistic purpose, and all of his writing was completed before he finished his studies in Paris.
 
For his writing, he found a patron in Michael Creney, who was the Bishop of Auxerre in 1390-1409.
 
Legrand’s major work, the Sophilogium, his "collection on wisdom," was completed in 1400. It was proposed as an encyclopaedic guide to the virtuous life of wisdom for all levels in society. There still remain 105 manuscripts of Sophilogium, and copies of twenty different printed editions.
 
For the next two hundred years it was one of the most widely distributed ascetical tracts in the Christian world, and undoubtedly exerted a great influence on the minds of many people.

The Sophilogium was a storehouse of quotations by both ancient Classical authors and Christian writers.
As already stated, he copied many of the quotes from previous books of this type. Given the nature and the contents of the Sophilogium, Legrand was definitely an editor rather than an author.

What he had compiled were obviously the quotations that appealed to him personally, and he would have used them in his preaching.

Indeed, one purpose of such a book was to provide preachers with a ready reference source to quotations they could include in their sermons.

It was research work he did while studying, hence it is not completely surprising that he produced no known writing after his studies had ended.

The Sophilogium is divided into ten books ("chapters"). The first two give a short introduction to classical knowledge. Books 3-6 develop the Christian teaching on virtue and vice, and contain a treatise on the seven deadly sins.

Book 7 is a contemplation of death and judgment. Books 8-10 develop the special duties of each state in life - the clergy, the temporal rulers, and the "common people."

The number of manuscript copies is very large, and it was printed as a book at least twenty times before the year 1500.

By way of summary, it can be said that Legrand’s writings, especially his principal work, Sophilogium, demonstrated his ability to harmonize an appreciation of the values of cultural antiquity with the postulates of the Christian faith. His rapport with antiquity was far from merely utilitarian.

He did not propose the simple subordination of classical culture to the service of the Church. Instead, persuaded that the aspirations of humanism extended to all sectors of contemporary life, he integrated what was truly great and beautiful in classical antiquity with traditional Christian thought.

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